%PDF-1.3
%%
%%Page: 1 1
4 0 obj
<<
/Length 5 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 664.5 Tm
/F1 13 Tf 100 Tz
88.1395 -8.4 Td
1.3 Tw
0 Tc
(FOR PUBLICATION) Tj
/F1 15 Tf 100 Tz
-78.2395 -24 Td
1.5 Tw
(UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS) Tj
43.47 -16 Td
(FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-53.37 -18 Td
1.2 Tw
() Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
0 0 Td
183.8 0 Td
/F3 20 Tf 100 Tz
-2.18 -17.6 Td
2 Tw
() Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-181.62 -2.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(L) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(ACI) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
( S) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
(, individually,) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
(and on behalf of others similarly) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
(situated,) Tj
215.07 -6.6 Td
(No. 07-16356) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
-134.082 -6.6 Td
(Plaintiff-Appellant,) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
145.746 -11.4 Td
(D.C. No.) Tj
-144.234 -6.6 Td
(v.) Tj
/F3 20 Tf 100 Tz
99.12 -1.3 Td
2 Tw
() Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
22.386 -5.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(CV-06-02893-CW) Tj
-204.006 -11.4 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
(., a New) Tj
224.34 -6.6 Td
(OPINION) Tj
-224.34 -6.6 Td
(York corporation; ) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(IPSH!NET) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
(, a) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
(Delaware corporation aka ) Tj
/F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz
.79 Tw
(IPSH) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.2 Tw
(,) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
65.688 -13.2 Td
(Defendants-Appellees.) Tj
/F3 20 Tf 100 Tz
115.932 -8.8 Td
1.6 Ts
2 Tw
() Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-142.878 -26.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(Appeal from the United States District Court) Tj
17.442 -13.2 Td
(for the Northern District of California) Tj
-8.58 -13.2 Td
(Claudia Wilken, District Judge, Presiding) Tj
46.866 -26.2 Td
(Argued and Submitted) Tj
-58.188 -13.2 Td
(February 11, 2009San Francisco, California) Tj
64.584 -26.2 Td
(Filed June 19, 2009) Tj
-72.654 -26.2 Td
(Before: John) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(T.) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(Noonan, David) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(R.) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(Thompson and) Tj
42.75 -13.2 Td
(N.) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(Randy) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(Smith, Circuit Judges.) Tj
5.298 -26.2 Td
(Opinion by Judge N.R. Smith) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 664.5 cm
0 G
.9 w 0 -65.95 m 183.8 -65.95 l s
1.2 w 186.6 -130.1 m 186.6 -73.8 l s
1.2 w 186.6 -203.4 m 186.6 -147.1 l s
.9 w 0 -210.35 m 183.3 -210.35 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
295 -664.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7329) Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
5 0 obj
2664
endobj
3 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 10 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F3 8 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 4 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 2 2
12 0 obj
<<
/Length 13 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
120.996 -183.6 Td
1.2 Tw
0 Tc
(COUNSEL) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-120.996 -26.2 Td
1.66 Tw
(John G. Jacobs, The Jacobs Law Firm, Chtd., Chicago, Illi-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(nois, for the plaintiff-appellant.) Tj
0 -26.2 Td
.13 Tw
(Peter L. Winik and Barry J. Blonien, Latham & Watkins LLP,) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(Washington, DC, for the defendants-appellees. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
123.666 -44.2 Td
(OPINION) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-123.666 -26.2 Td
(N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judge:) Tj
12 -26.2 Td
1.53 Tw
(Laci Satterfield, individually and on behalf of those simi-) Tj
-12 -13.2 Td
2.12 Tw
(larly ) Tj
(situated, appeals the district court's grant of summary) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm
0 G
.5 w 0 -164.15 m 300 -164.15 l s
.5 w 0 -287.15 m 300 -287.15 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7332) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
13 0 obj
1373
endobj
11 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 10 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 12 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 3 3
15 0 obj
<<
/Length 16 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
.23 Tw
0 Tc
(judgment in favor of Simon & Schuster, Inc. and ipsh!net Inc.) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
3.32 Tw
(\() Tj
(ipsh!) Tj
(\).) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(1) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Satterfield alleges a violation of the Telephone) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
.51 Tw
(Consumer Protection Act \() Tj
(TCPA) Tj
(\), 47 U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.51 Tw
(227, arising) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
3.42 Tw
(after Satterfield received an unsolicited text message. We) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
1.07 Tw
(hold that there is a genuine issue of material fact concerning) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
2.47 Tw
(whether the equipment used by Simon & Schuster has the) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
2.27 Tw
(capacity to both \(1\) store or produce numbers to be called) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
.27 Tw
(using a random or sequential number generator and \(2\) to dial) Tj
0 -13.6 Td
1.42 Tw
(such numbers. Giving deference to the Federal Communica-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.57 Tw
(tions Commission \() Tj
(FCC) Tj
(\), ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(see Chevron v. Natural Res. Def.) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.66 Tw
(Council, Inc.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 467 U.S. 837, 843-44 \(1984\), we hold that it is) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.55 Tw
(reasonable to interpret ) Tj
(call) Tj
( under the TCPA to include both) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.41 Tw
(voice calls and text messages. We also conclude that Simon) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.57 Tw
(& Schuster is not an affiliate or brand of Nextones and there-) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.3 Tw
(fore Satterfield did not expressly consent to receive this text) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.08 Tw
(message from Simon & Schuster. Accordingly, we reverse the) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.2 Tw
(district court and remand.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
31.2 -26.9 Td
(I.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-19.2 -26.9 Td
0 Tw
(Satterfield brought this action against Simon & Schuster for) Tj
-12 -13.5 Td
4.08 Tw
(text messaging an advertisement to a cellular phone she) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.51 Tw
(owned in violation of the TCPA. Satterfield received this text) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.12 Tw
(message after she became a registered user of Nextones.com) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.71 Tw
(\() Tj
(Nextones) Tj
(\) \(not a defendant in this case\). Satterfield joined) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.3 Tw
(Nextones at the request of her minor son in order to receive) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
.3 Tw
(a free ringtone. In order for Satterfield to get the free ringtone) Tj
0 -13.5 Td
1.2 Tw
(for her son, she had to fill out a form which read: ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
79.374 -53.8 Td
(Nextones Member Sign Up) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-57.374 -26.8 Td
2.91 Tw
(Sign up to become a registered user of Nextones) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
-12 -26.5 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.25 Tw
(1) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(When referred to collectively, Simon & Schuster and ipsh! are referred) Tj
-10 -11.4 Td
1 Tw
(to as ) Tj
(Simon & Schuster.) Tj
( ) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm
0 G
.5 w 0 -466.05 m 300 -466.05 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7333) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
16 0 obj
3551
endobj
14 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 10 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F5 17 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 15 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 4 4
19 0 obj
<<
/Length 20 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
22 -8.4 Td
.71 Tw
0 Tc
(today, for free! There is absolutely ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
(no cost) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( involved) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(in registering!) Tj
-10 -26 Td
2.08 Tw
(Satterfield then provided her son's initials and first three) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
2.03 Tw
(letters of his last name, her email address, zip code, phone) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.58 Tw
(number, and account information. The form also provided a) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(check box that was followed by: ) Tj
22 -26 Td
1.41 Tw
(Yes! I would like to receive promotions from Nex-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.42 Tw
(tones affiliates and brands. Please note, that by) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.25 Tw
(declining you may not be eligible for our FREE con-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(tent.) Tj
0 -26 Td
1.37 Tw
(By checking Submit, you agree that you have ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
(read) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(and agreed) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( to the ) Tj
/F6 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Terms and Conditions) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(.) Tj
-10 -26 Td
0 Tw
(Satterfield checked the box opposite the ) Tj
(Yes!) Tj
( and pressed) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(the submit button. ) Tj
12 -26 Td
2.03 Tw
(Subsequently, on January 18, 2006 at 12:30 a.m., Satter-) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
1.96 Tw
(field received a text message \(on the phone registered with) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.04 Tw
(Nextones.com\) from Simon & Schuster advertising its publi-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(cation of a novel by Stephen King. The message stated: ) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
1.9 Tw
(The next call you take may be your . . . Join the Stephen) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.38 Tw
(King VIP Mobile Club at www.cellthebook.com. ) Tj
(RplyS-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(TOP2OptOut. PwdByNexton.) Tj
() Tj
12 -26.1 Td
.93 Tw
(Simon & Schuster sent the text message as part of its pro-) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.88 Tw
(motional campaign for the Steven King novel ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Cell) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(. Simon &) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.14 Tw
(Schuster outsourced the promotional campaign to ipsh!, who) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.53 Tw
(obtained a list of 100,000 individuals' cell phone numbers) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.95 Tw
(from Mobile Information Access Company \(MIA\). MIA was) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1 Tw
(Nextones' exclusive agent for licensing the numbers of Nex-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(tones subscribers. ) Tj
12 -26.1 Td
.25 Tw
(MIA provided ipsh! with electronic plain text or Excel files) Tj
-12 -13.2 Td
2.12 Tw
(containing the list of 100,000 mobile numbers of Nextones) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7334) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
20 0 obj
3066
endobj
18 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 10 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F6 21 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 19 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 5 5
23 0 obj
<<
/Length 24 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
.62 Tw
0 Tc
(subscribers. ipsh!'s programmers then imported the list into a) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
1 Tw
(database and entered the relevant information for the promo-) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
2.87 Tw
(tional messages into the database, where they were stored) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
.6 Tw
(until they were programmed to be sent to the intended recipi-) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
1.03 Tw
(ents. ipsh! then sent the file to mBlox, Inc., an ) Tj
(aggregator,) Tj
() Tj
0 -13.9 Td
2.16 Tw
(or mobile transaction networking services company. mBlox) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
2.11 Tw
(handled the actual transmission of the text messages to the) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
1.62 Tw
(wireless carriers. After receiving some complaints about the) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
2.95 Tw
(promotional text message, mBlox refused to send out any) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
1.2 Tw
(more messages on ipsh!'s behalf. ) Tj
12 -27.5 Td
1.4 Tw
(Satterfield filed suit, alleging a violation of the TCPA for) Tj
-12 -13.9 Td
.03 Tw
(Simon & Schuster's transmission, of this unsolicited text mes-) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
.18 Tw
(sage to her and other class members' cell phones, by an Auto-) Tj
0 -13.9 Td
6.6 Tw
(matic Telephone Dialing System \() Tj
(ATDS) Tj
(\). Simon &) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
2.45 Tw
(Schuster moved for summary judgment, arguing that \(1\) it) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
2.7 Tw
(had not used an ATDS, \(2\) Satterfield had not received a) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
2.07 Tw
(call within the meaning of the TCPA, and \(3\) Satterfield) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
1.54 Tw
(had consented to the message and had not been charged for) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
1.46 Tw
(its receipt. The district court granted the summary judgment) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
.81 Tw
(holding that \(1\) Simon & Schuster and ipsh! had not used an) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
.33 Tw
(ATDS and \(2\) Satterfield had consented to receiving the mes-) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
1.7 Tw
(sage. The district court did not rule on Simon & Schuster's) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
.66 Tw
(argument that a text message is not a ) Tj
(call) Tj
( under the TCPA.) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
2.52 Tw
(Accordingly, judgment was entered for Simon & Schuster.) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(Satterfield timely filed this appeal.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
101.16 -27.5 Td
(II.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(DISCUSSION) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
-89.16 -27.4 Td
.25 Tw
([1]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Summary judgment is appropriate when no genuine and) Tj
-12 -13.8 Td
.03 Tw
(disputed issues of material fact remain, and when, viewing the) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
.87 Tw
(evidence most favorably to the nonmoving party, the movant) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
1.33 Tw
(is clearly entitled to prevail as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ.) Tj
0 -13.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(P. 56. ) Tj
12 -27.4 Td
(The TCPA provides: ) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7335) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
24 0 obj
3279
endobj
22 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 10 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 23 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 6 6
26 0 obj
<<
/Length 27 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
22 -8.4 Td
.41 Tw
0 Tc
(It shall be unlawful for any person within the United) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.58 Tw
(States, or any person outside the United States if the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(recipient is within the United States) Tj
0 -26 Td
2.74 Tw
(\(A\) to make any call \(other than a call made for) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.18 Tw
(emergency purposes or made with the prior express) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.16 Tw
(consent of the called party\) using any automatic tele-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.38 Tw
(phone dialing system or an artificial or prerecorded) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(voice) Tj
0 -26 Td
(. . .) Tj
0 -26 Td
1.91 Tw
(\(iii\) to any telephone number assigned to a paging) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
8.5 Tw
(service, cellular telephone service, specialized) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.04 Tw
(mobile radio service, or other radio common carrier) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.26 Tw
(service, or any service for which the called party is) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(charged for the call;) Tj
0 -26 Td
(47 U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(227\(b\)\(1\)\(A\)\(iii\).) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
(\(a\) Definitions) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
(As used in this section) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
2 Tw
(\(1\) The term ) Tj
(automatic telephone dialing system) Tj
() Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(means equipment which has the capacity) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
.47 Tw
(\(A\) to store or produce telephone numbers to be cal-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.75 Tw
(led, using a random or sequential number generator;) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(and) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
(\(B\) to dial such numbers) Tj
0 -26.1 Td
(47 U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(227\(a\)\(1\). ) Tj
-10 -26.1 Td
1.28 Tw
(Reviewing the district court's grant of summary judgment) Tj
-12 -13.2 Td
1.43 Tw
(de novo, ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Nolan v. Heald College) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 551 F.3d 1148, 1153 \(9th) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.23 Tw
(Cir. 2009\), we hold that the district court erred, because \(A\)) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7336) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
27 0 obj
2471
endobj
25 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 10 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 26 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 7 7
29 0 obj
<<
/Length 30 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
1.3 Tw
0 Tc
(there was a disputed issue of material fact as to whether the) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.93 Tw
(system Simon & Schuster used was an ATDS; \(B\) the text) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.47 Tw
(message was a ) Tj
(call) Tj
( within the meaning of the TCPA; and) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.48 Tw
(\(C\) Satterfield did not consent to the receipt of such a mes-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.3 Tw
(sage, because Simon & Schuster is not an affiliate or brand of) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.2 Tw
(Nextones. ) Tj
/F6 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -25.3 Td
(A.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(The ATDS) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -25.3 Td
0 Tw
(The district court erred in holding that there was no genuine) Tj
-12 -12.7 Td
1.47 Tw
(and disputed issue of material fact as to whether the system) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
3.11 Tw
(Simon & Schuster used was an ATDS. The district court) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.47 Tw
(focused its analysis on whether the equipment used by Simon) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.7 Tw
(& Schuster stored, produced, or called numbers ) Tj
(using a ran-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.78 Tw
(dom or sequential number generator.) Tj
( The district court even) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.73 Tw
(noted that ) Tj
(the parties' dispute centers on the phrase `using a) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
2.58 Tw
(random or sequential number generator.') Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
2.58 Tw
( With this as its) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.1 Tw
(focus, the district court held that ) Tj
(the equipment here does not) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.21 Tw
(store, produce or call randomly or sequentially generated tele-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
2.12 Tw
(phone numbers, the Court grants summary judgment in the) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.63 Tw
(Defendants' favor: the equipment at issue is not an automatic) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.11 Tw
(telephone dialing system under the TCPA.) Tj
( We find that the) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
2.26 Tw
(district court focused its analysis on the wrong issue in its) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(determination of what constitutes an ATDS. ) Tj
12 -25.3 Td
.11 Tw
(In construing the provisions of a statute, we first look to the) Tj
-12 -12.8 Td
2.27 Tw
(language of the statute to determine whether it has a plain) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.46 Tw
(meaning. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(McDonald v. Sun Oil Co.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 548 F.3d 774, 780 \(9th) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
.9 Tw
(Cir. 2008\). ) Tj
(The preeminent canon of statutory interpretation) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.33 Tw
(requires us to presume that [the] legislature says in a statute) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
.39 Tw
(what it means and means in a statute what it says there. Thus,) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.56 Tw
(our inquiry begins with the statutory text, and ends there as) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
2.03 Tw
(well if the text is unambiguous.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(\(quoting ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(BedRoc Ltd.,) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
.3 Tw
(LLC v. United States) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 541 U.S. 176, 183 \(2004\) \(internal quo-) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.94 Tw
(tation marks omitted\)\). Reviewing this statute, we conclude) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(that the statutory text is clear and unambiguous.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -25.4 Td
1.22 Tw
([2]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( When evaluating the issue of whether equipment is an) Tj
-12 -12.8 Td
2.03 Tw
(ATDS, the statute's clear language mandates that the focus) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7337) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
30 0 obj
3849
endobj
28 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 31 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F6 21 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 29 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 8 8
33 0 obj
<<
/Length 34 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
1 Tw
0 Tc
(must be on whether the equipment has the ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(capacity) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( ) Tj
(to store) Tj
0 -13 Td
.3 Tw
(or produce telephone numbers to be called, using a random or) Tj
0 -13 Td
.04 Tw
(sequential number generator.) Tj
( Accordingly, a system need not) Tj
0 -13 Td
.91 Tw
(actually store, produce, or call randomly or sequentially gen-) Tj
0 -13 Td
.03 Tw
(erated telephone numbers, it need only have the capacity to do) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.87 Tw
(it. Since the district court did not focus its decision on this) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.83 Tw
(issue, we must then review the record to determine if sum-) Tj
0 -13 Td
.2 Tw
(mary judgment may issue. At the hearing, counsel for the par-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.7 Tw
(ties suggested that the record was not clear regarding that) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(issue. We agree. ) Tj
12 -26 Td
.7 Tw
(Reviewing the record, we find that there is a genuine issue) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.4 Tw
(of material fact with regard to whether this equipment has the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.33 Tw
(requisite capacity. Satterfield's expert, Randall A. Snyder,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.18 Tw
(opined that this telephone system ) Tj
(stored telephone numbers) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.58 Tw
(to be called and subsequently dialed those numbers automati-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.09 Tw
(cally and without human intervention . . . [t]he use of stored) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.83 Tw
(numbers, randomly generated numbers or sequentially gener-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.41 Tw
(ated numbers used to automatically originate calls is a techni-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.12 Tw
(cal difference without a perceived distinction . . . .) Tj
( He later) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.66 Tw
(opined that ) Tj
([t]his is the primary automated function within) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.51 Tw
(the platform that constructs text messages and individually) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.22 Tw
(enters them into a message queue for subsequent delivery to) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.7 Tw
(the cellular networks . . . . The cellular phone numbers resid-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.7 Tw
(ing in the cellular phone number database for the specific) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.17 Tw
(application are applied in sequence, as they are stored in the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.07 Tw
(database, to serve as the destination cellular phone number for) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.14 Tw
(each individual text message.) Tj
( However, Snyder never specif-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.78 Tw
(ically declared that this equipment had the requisite capacity.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.4 Tw
(On the other hand, Jay Emmet, President of mBlox \(company) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.91 Tw
(responsible for the actual transmission of the text messages) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.18 Tw
(and a nonparty in this case\), testified that the system used was) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.03 Tw
(not capable of sending messages to telephone numbers not fed) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.36 Tw
(to the system by mBlox, nor was it capable of generating ran-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(dom or sequential telephone numbers. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.53 Tw
([3]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Therefore, this limited record demonstrates that there is) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.25 Tw
(a genuine issue of material fact whether this telephone system) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7338) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
34 0 obj
3786
endobj
32 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 31 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 33 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 9 9
36 0 obj
<<
/Length 37 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
.07 Tw
0 Tc
(has the requisite capacity to be considered an ATDS under the) Tj
0 -13 Td
4.75 Tw
(TCPA. Given the conflicting testimony and this limited) Tj
0 -13 Td
2.66 Tw
(record, we hold that summary judgment on this issue was) Tj
0 -13 Td
2.71 Tw
(inappropriate. We therefore remand to the district court to) Tj
0 -13 Td
1 Tw
(determine whether the equipment used by Simon & Schuster) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.2 Tw
(had the requisite capacity. ) Tj
/F6 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -26 Td
(B.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(The Call) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.17 Tw
(The district court did not address Simon & Schuster's argu-) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.41 Tw
(ment that sending a text message does not fall within the Act,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.06 Tw
(because a text message is not a ) Tj
(call) Tj
( within the meaning of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.8 Tw
(the TCPA. Reviewing this issue, we hold that a text message) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(is a ) Tj
(call) Tj
( within the meaning of the TCPA.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.8 Tw
([4]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( The TCPA makes it unlawful ) Tj
(to make any call) Tj
( using) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
1.83 Tw
(an ATDS. 47 U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.83 Tw
(227\(b\)\(1\)\(A\). While the TCPA does) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
4.14 Tw
(not define ) Tj
(call,) Tj
( the FCC has explicitly stated that the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.14 Tw
(TCPA's prohibition on ATDSs ) Tj
(encompasses both voice calls) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.83 Tw
(and text calls to wireless numbers including, for example,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.28 Tw
(short message service \(SMS\) calls . . . .) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(In re Rules and Reg-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.12 Tw
(ulations Implementing the Telephone Consumer Protection) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.66 Tw
(Act of 1991) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, Report and Order, 18 FCC Rcd. 14014, 14115) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.58 Tw
(\(July 3, 2003\) \(hereinafter ) Tj
(2003 Report and Order) Tj
(\). The) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.14 Tw
(FCC subsequently confirmed that the ) Tj
(prohibition on using) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.57 Tw
(automatic telephone dialing systems to make calls to wireless) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.18 Tw
(phone numbers applies to text messages \(e.g., phone-to-phone) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.16 Tw
(SMS\), as well as voice calls.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(In the Matter of Rules and Reg-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.9 Tw
(ulations Implementing the Controlling the Assault of Non-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.5 Tw
(Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003; Rules and) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.34 Tw
(Regulations Implementing the Telephone Consumer Protec-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.76 Tw
(tion Act of 1991) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 19 FCC Rcd. 15927, 15934 \(FCC August) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
0 Tw
(12, 2004\). In the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking of the CAN-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.29 Tw
(SPAM Act, the FCC also noted ) Tj
(that the TCPA and Commis-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.61 Tw
(sion rules that specifically prohibit using automatic telephone) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.63 Tw
(dialing systems to call wireless numbers already apply to any) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.27 Tw
(type of call, including both voice and text calls.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(at 15933.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.41 Tw
(Therefore, the FCC has determined that a text message falls) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7339) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
37 0 obj
3863
endobj
35 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 31 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F5 17 0 R
/F6 21 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 36 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 10 10
39 0 obj
<<
/Length 40 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
3.9 Tw
0 Tc
(within the meaning of ) Tj
(to make any call) Tj
( in 47 U.S.C.) Tj
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.4 Td
1.2 Tw
() Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(227\(b\)\(1\)\(A\).) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(2) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
1.2 Tw
( ) Tj
12 -26.5 Td
.5 Tw
(In ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, the Supreme Court set forth a two-step test for) Tj
-12 -13.4 Td
3.55 Tw
(judicial review of administrative agency interpretations of) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
.37 Tw
(federal law. We give broad deference to an agency's interpre-) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
2.7 Tw
(tation meeting this test. First, we must determine ) Tj
([i]f the) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
1.41 Tw
(intent of Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; for) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
.27 Tw
(the court, as well as the agency, must give effect to the unam-) Tj
0 -13.4 Td
1.47 Tw
(biguously expressed intent of Congress.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 467 U.S.) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
2.4 Tw
(at 842-43. Second, if a statute is silent or ambiguous with) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.35 Tw
(respect to the issue at hand, we must defer to the agency so) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.27 Tw
(long as ) Tj
(the agency's answer is based on a permissible con-) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.22 Tw
(struction of the statute.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(at 843. An agency's interpretation) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.28 Tw
(is permissible, unless it is ) Tj
(arbitrary, capricious, or manifestly) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(contrary to the statute.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 844.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26.4 Td
4.21 Tw
([5]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( While ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( only considered formal notice-and-) Tj
-12 -13.3 Td
1.25 Tw
(comment rulemaking, the Supreme Court in ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(United States v.) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.96 Tw
(Mead Corp., ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(533 U.S. 218 \(2001\)) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( clarified that ) Tj
(administra-) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.28 Tw
(tive implementation of a particular statutory provision quali-) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
3.08 Tw
(fies for ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( deference when it appears that Congress) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.41 Tw
(delegated authority to the agency generally to make rules car-) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
3.26 Tw
(rying the force of law, and that the agency interpretation) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
2.08 Tw
(claiming deference was promulgated in the exercise of that) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.81 Tw
(authority. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Wilderness Soc. v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 353 F.3d) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
2.06 Tw
(1051, 1060 \(9th Cir. 2003\) \(quoting ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(United States v. Mead) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
2.75 Tw
(Corp.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 533 U.S. 218, 226-27 \(2001\)\). ) Tj
(Delegation of such) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.97 Tw
(authority may be shown in a variety of ways, as by an agen-) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.1 Tw
(cy's power to engage in adjudication or notice-and-comment) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
.3 Tw
(rulemaking, or by some other indication of a comparable con-) Tj
0 -13.3 Td
1.03 Tw
(gressional intent.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Mead) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 533 U.S. at 227. Those administra-) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26.1 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.49 Tw
(2) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(The FCC's website also indicates that the use of an ATDS may not be) Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
1.64 Tw
(used to contact numbers assigned to: ) Tj
(a paging service, wireless phone) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
.97 Tw
(service \(including both voice calls and text messages\), or other commer-) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1.25 Tw
(cial mobile radio service.) Tj
( Unwanted Telephone Marketing Calls, http://) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/tcpa.html. ) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm
0 G
.5 w 0 -432.85 m 300 -432.85 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7340) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
40 0 obj
4585
endobj
38 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 31 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F5 17 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 39 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 11 11
42 0 obj
<<
/Length 43 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
1.06 Tw
0 Tc
(tive decisions not meeting these standards may still be given) Tj
0 -13 Td
3.85 Tw
(deference under ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Skidmore v. Swift & Co.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 323 U.S. 134) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.2 Tw
(\(1944\). ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Mead) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 533 U.S. at 228. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
1.58 Tw
([6]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Congress has delegated the FCC with the authority to) Tj
-12 -13 Td
1.7 Tw
(make rules and regulations to implement the TCPA. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( 47) Tj
0 -13 Td
.28 Tw
(U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.28 Tw
(227\(b\)\(2\). Pursuant to this authority, the FCC stated,) Tj
0 -13 Td
1.02 Tw
(We affirm that under the TCPA, it is unlawful to make ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(any) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.92 Tw
(call) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( using an automatic telephone dialing system or an artifi-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.58 Tw
(cial or prerecorded message to any wireless telephone num-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.66 Tw
(ber. Both the statute and our rules prohibit these calls, with) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.21 Tw
(limited exceptions, `to any telephone number assigned to a) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1 Tw
(paging service, cellular telephone service, specialized mobile) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.56 Tw
(radio service, or other common carrier service, or any service) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.36 Tw
(for which the called party is charged.' This encompasses both) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.7 Tw
(voice calls and text calls to wireless numbers including, for) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.25 Tw
(example, short message service \(SMS\) calls, provided the call) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.88 Tw
(is made to a telephone number assigned to such service.) Tj
() Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.41 Tw
(2003 Report and Order at 14115. This interpretation has the) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.87 Tw
(force of law and is therefore entitled to ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(deference if) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.72 Tw
(\(1\) ) Tj
(call) Tj
( is not defined by the TCPA and \(3\) if the FCC's) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.16 Tw
(interpretation of the statute is reasonable. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 467 U.S.) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(at 843-44. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
11 -26 Td
(1.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(Call is not defined by the TCPA. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
1 -26 Td
1.81 Tw
(The first step under the ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( analysis is to determine) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.25 Tw
(whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise question) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.11 Tw
(at issue.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 842. If it has, Congress's intent must be) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.16 Tw
(enforced and that is the end of the matter. ) Tj
(If a court, employ-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.61 Tw
(ing traditional tools of statutory construction, ascertains that) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.22 Tw
(Congress had an intention on the precise question at issue,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.77 Tw
(that intention is the law and must be given effect.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(at 843) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.6 Tw
(n.9. ) Tj
(It is well settled that the starting point for interpreting) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.37 Tw
(a statute is the language of the statute itself.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Gwaltney of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.47 Tw
(Smithfield, Ltd. v. Chesapeake Bay Found., Inc.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 484 U.S. 49,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
3.22 Tw
(56 \(1987\) \(internal citation and quotation marks omitted\).) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.55 Tw
([U]nless otherwise defined, words will be interpreted as tak-) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7341) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
4223
endobj
41 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 31 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 42 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 12 12
45 0 obj
<<
/Length 46 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
1.38 Tw
0 Tc
(ing their ordinary, contemporary, common meaning.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Perrin) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.11 Tw
(v. United States) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 444 U.S. 37, 42 \(1979\)\). Another ) Tj
(funda-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.36 Tw
(mental canon of statutory construction [is] that the words of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.28 Tw
(a statute must be read in their context and with a view to their) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.73 Tw
(place in the overall statutory scheme.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(FDA v. Brown & Wil-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.87 Tw
(liamson Tobacco Corp.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 529 U.S. 120, 133 \(2000\) \(quoting) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.1 Td
3.25 Tw
(Davis v. Michigan Dep't of Treasury) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 489 U.S. 803, 809) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.54 Tw
(\(1989\)\). We may also read statutory terms in light of the pur-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.97 Tw
(pose of the statute. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Wilderness Soc'y) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 353 F.3d at 1060. If,) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.03 Tw
(under theses canons, or other traditional means of determining) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.46 Tw
(Congress's intentions, we are able to determine that Congress) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.92 Tw
(spoke clearly, we need not look to the FCC's interpretations.) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(See id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(at 1061. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.33 Tw
([7]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( The precise language at issue here is what did Congress) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
.84 Tw
(intend when it said ) Tj
(to make any call) Tj
( under the TCPA. Uti-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
0 Tw
(lizing the aforementioned canons of statutory construction, we) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.83 Tw
(look to the ordinary, contemporary, and common meaning of) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.7 Tw
(the verb ) Tj
(to call.) Tj
( Webster's defines ) Tj
(call) Tj
( in this context) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(3) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( as) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.14 Tw
(to communicate with or try to get into communication with) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.87 Tw
(a person by a telephone.) Tj
( Webster's Third New International) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.45 Tw
(Dictionary 318 \(2002\). This definition suggests that by enact-) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.03 Tw
(ing the TCPA, Congress intended to regulate the use of an) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
.62 Tw
(ATDS to communicate or try to get into communication with) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.94 Tw
(a person by a telephone. However, this law was enacted in) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
1.2 Tw
(1991 when text messaging was not available. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26 Td
.23 Tw
([8]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( We also consider the purposes of the TCPA. The TCPA) Tj
-12 -13.1 Td
2.75 Tw
(was enacted to ) Tj
(protect the privacy interests of residential) Tj
0 -13.1 Td
2.16 Tw
(telephone subscribers by placing restrictions on unsolicited,) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -25.9 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.14 Tw
(3) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(The word ) Tj
(call) Tj
( has several plain and ordinary meanings. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See gener-) Tj
-10 -11.1 Td
.92 Tw
(ally ) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Webster's Third New Int'l Dictionary 317-18 \(2002\). Given that the) Tj
0 -11.1 Td
1.42 Tw
(TCPA was enacted to regulate the receipt of automated telephone calls,) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1.06 Tw
(Congress used the word ) Tj
(call) Tj
( to refer to an attempt to communicate by) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
2.28 Tw
(telephone. ) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See United States v. Amer. Trucking Assoc.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 310 U.S. 534,) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
.83 Tw
(542-43 \(1940\) \(when words of a statute are susceptible to more than one) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1.91 Tw
(meaning, courts are to interpret them in a manner which is reasonable) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(given the subject matter of the statute and its purpose\). ) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm
0 G
.5 w 0 -399.55 m 300 -399.55 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7342) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
4478
endobj
44 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 31 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F5 17 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 45 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 13 13
48 0 obj
<<
/Length 49 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
1 Tw
0 Tc
(automated telephone calls to the home and to facilitate inter-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
5.57 Tw
(state commerce by restricting certain uses of facsimile) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.7 Tw
(machines and automatic dialers.) Tj
( S. Rep. No. 102-178, at 1) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.16 Tw
(\(1991\), ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(reprinted in ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(1991 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1968. The TCPA was) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
3.08 Tw
(enacted in response to an increasing number of consumer) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.28 Tw
(complaints arising from the increased number of telemarket-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.7 Tw
(ing calls. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( at 2. The consumers complained that such) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.58 Tw
(calls are a ) Tj
(nuisance and an invasion of privacy.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See id.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( The) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.06 Tw
(purpose and history of the TCPA indicate that Congress was) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.26 Tw
(trying to prohibit the use of ATDSs to communicate with oth-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.16 Tw
(ers by telephone in a manner that would be an invasion of pri-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.53 Tw
(vacy. We hold that a voice message or a text message are not) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
1.2 Tw
(distinguishable in terms of being an invasion of privacy. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -25.3 Td
2.63 Tw
([9]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( The language and purpose of the TCPA support the) Tj
-12 -12.7 Td
.54 Tw
(conclusion that the use of an ATDS to make any call, regard-) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.84 Tw
(less of whether that call is communicated by voice or text, is) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
2.04 Tw
(prohibited. However, we recognize that Congress could not) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.27 Tw
(have spoken clearly to this issue in 1991 when the statute was) Tj
0 -12.7 Td
.54 Tw
(enacted. Therefore, we conclude that the statute is silent as to) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(whether a text message is a call within the Act. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
11 -25.3 Td
(2.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(The FCC's interpretation of ) Tj
(call) Tj
( is reasonable.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
1 -25.3 Td
2.03 Tw
(When a statute is ambiguous or leaves key terms unde-) Tj
-12 -12.8 Td
.3 Tw
(fined, a court must defer to the federal agency's interpretation) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.96 Tw
(of the statute, so long as such interpretation is reasonable.) Tj
() Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -12.8 Td
2.14 Tw
(Peck v. Cingular Wireless, LLC) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 535 F.3d 1053, 1056 \(9th) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
2.57 Tw
(Cir. 2008\) \(citing ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Metrophones Telecomms., Inc. v. Global) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
2.87 Tw
(Crossing Telecomms., Inc.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 423 F.3d 1056, 1067 \(9th Cir.) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.78 Tw
(2005\). Because the TCPA is silent to the issue at hand, we) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
0 Tw
(must defer to the agency so long as the agency's interpretation) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
.81 Tw
(is based on a permissible construction of the statute.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Chev-) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.27 Tw
(ron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
( 467 U.S. at 843. An agency's interpretation of a statute) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
3.83 Tw
(is permissible, unless ) Tj
(arbitrary, capricious, or manifestly) Tj
0 -12.8 Td
1.2 Tw
(contrary to the statute.) Tj
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Id. ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(at 844. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -25.4 Td
.9 Tw
([10]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( The FCC's interpretation of 47 U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.9 Tw
(227\(b\)\(1\)\(A\)) Tj
-12 -12.8 Td
1.26 Tw
(is consistent with the dictionary's definition of call in that it) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7343) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
4165
endobj
47 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 50 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 48 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 14 14
52 0 obj
<<
/Length 53 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
.57 Tw
0 Tc
(is defined as ) Tj
(to communicate with or try to get into commu-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.16 Tw
(nication with a person by telephone.) Tj
( It is undisputed that text) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
5.75 Tw
(messaging is a form of communication used primarily) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.24 Tw
(between telephones. The FCC's interpretation is also consis-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
2.25 Tw
(tent with the purpose of the TCPAto protect the privacy) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
3.75 Tw
(interests of telephone subscribers. Further, nothing in the) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.12 Tw
(record indicates that such an interpretation is ) Tj
(arbitrary, capri-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.78 Tw
(cious, or manifestly contrary to the statute.) Tj
( Accordingly, we) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.81 Tw
(find that the FCC's interpretation of the TCPA is reasonable,) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.4 Tw
(and therefore afford it deference to hold that a text message) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(is a ) Tj
(call) Tj
( within the TCPA. ) Tj
/F6 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -26.2 Td
(C.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(Express Consent) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26.2 Td
1.95 Tw
([11]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Finally, the district court erred in granting summary) Tj
-12 -13.2 Td
4.76 Tw
(judgment based upon Satterfield expressly consenting to) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.37 Tw
(receiving the message. While the TCPA exempts those calls) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.84 Tw
(made with the prior express consent of the called party,) Tj
( 47) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.53 Tw
(U.S.C. ) Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
1.53 Tw
(227\(b\)\(1\)\(A\), no express consent was given in this) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.81 Tw
(case. Express consent is ) Tj
([c]onsent that is clearly and unmis-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.53 Tw
(takably stated.) Tj
( Black's Law Dictionary 323 \(8th ed. 2004\).) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.55 Tw
(Satterfield solely consented to receiving promotional material) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.52 Tw
(from Nextones or their affiliates and brands. The term ) Tj
(affili-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
(ate carries its own, independent legal significance. ) Tj
(Affiliate) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.37 Tw
(refers to a `corporation that is related to another corporation) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.66 Tw
(by shareholdings or other means of control . . . .') Tj
0 Tw
( ) Tj
.66 Tw
( ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(Delaware) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.4 Tw
(Ins. Guar. Ass'n v. Christiana Care Health Servs., Inc.) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 892) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
2.03 Tw
(A.2d 1073, 1077 \(Del. 2006\) \(quoting Black's Law Dictio-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.6 Tw
(nary 59 \(7th ed. 1999\)\). The plain and ordinary meaning of) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1 Tw
(affiliate) Tj
() Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(4) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( supports this definition as ) Tj
(a company effectively) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
0 Tw
(controlled by another or associated with others under common) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
3.4 Tw
(ownership or control.) Tj
( Webster's Third New International) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.46 Tw
(Dictionary 35 \(2002\). The record confirms that Nextones nei-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.25 Tw
(ther owns nor controls Simon & Schuster, nor can Nextones) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -26 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
1.4 Tw
(4) Tj
0 Ts
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
(See, e.g.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(,) Tj
/F4 10 Tf 100 Tz
( McHugh v. United Service Auto. Ass'n) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(, 164 F.3d 451, 455) Tj
-10 -11.2 Td
.7 Tw
(\(9th Cir. 1999\) \(unless contract terms are specifically different than com-) Tj
0 -11.2 Td
1 Tw
(mon usage of the terms, comman usage will be adopted.\) ) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm
0 G
.5 w 0 -455.35 m 300 -455.35 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7344) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
4164
endobj
51 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 50 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F5 17 0 R
/F6 21 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 52 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 15 15
55 0 obj
<<
/Length 56 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
0 -8.4 Td
2.33 Tw
0 Tc
(be considered a Simon & Schuster subisidiary. In fact, the) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.71 Tw
(record shows no direct contractual relationship between Nex-) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
1.2 Tw
(tones and Simon & Schuster.) Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.5 Tw
(5) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
1.2 Tw
( ) Tj
12 -28.4 Td
.5 Tw
(The district court also erred in granting summary judgment) Tj
-12 -14.3 Td
1 Tw
(based on Satterfield's consent to receive promotional materi-) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
1.77 Tw
(als by Nextones' brands. The district court found there was) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.73 Tw
(no dispute of fact that the promotional text message at issue) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
2.28 Tw
(was identified with a Nextones brand.) Tj
( The district court's) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
1.47 Tw
(conclusion is based solely on the fact that the message con-) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
1.5 Tw
(tained the phrase ) Tj
(PwdbyNexton.) Tj
() Tj
4.9 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
(6) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( We do not agree. Under) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.73 Tw
(this logic, any company sending a text message could simply) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.08 Tw
(include ) Tj
(PwdbyNexton) Tj
( and it would be considered a ) Tj
(brand) Tj
() Tj
0 -14.3 Td
0 Tw
(of Nextones. Brand is not defined in the contract, therefore we) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
1.77 Tw
(look to its plain and ordinary meaning. Brand is commonly) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.39 Tw
(defined as ) Tj
(a class of goods identified as being the product of) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.37 Tw
(a single firm or manufacturer.) Tj
( Webster's Third New Interna-) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
1.25 Tw
(tional Dictionary 268 \(2002\). The message was a product of) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.4 Tw
(Simon & Schuster, not Nextones. Nextones's only role in this) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
.96 Tw
(case was simply supplying the numbers to MIA, who in turn) Tj
0 -14.3 Td
3.25 Tw
(supplied the numbers to ipsh!. The record also shows no) Tj
0 -14.2 Td
1.32 Tw
(agreement between Nextones and Simon & Schuster. There-) Tj
0 -14.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(fore, Simon & Schuster is not a Nextones Brand.) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -28.4 Td
4.16 Tw
([12]) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
( Thus, Satterfield's consent to receive promotional) Tj
-12 -14.2 Td
1.07 Tw
(material by Nextones and its affilliates and brands cannot be) Tj
0 -14.2 Td
1 Tw
(read as consenting to the receipt of Simon & Schuster's pro-) Tj
0 -14.2 Td
3.47 Tw
(motional material. Accordingly, the district court erred in) Tj
0 -14.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(granting summary judgment.) Tj
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
10 -28 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.27 Tw
(5) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(Nextones' own website explains that its affiliates include other compa-) Tj
-10 -12.1 Td
.95 Tw
(nies who ) Tj
(sell mobile content such as ringtones and graphics.) Tj
( Simon &) Tj
0 -12.1 Td
1 Tw
(Schuster does not fall within Nextones' own definition. ) Tj
10 -15.1 Td
4.1 Ts
/F5 6 Tf 100 Tz
.68 Tw
(6) Tj
0 Ts
/F2 10 Tf 100 Tz
(The district court assumes that, without any explanation, ) Tj
(PwdbyNex-) Tj
-10 -12.1 Td
1 Tw
(ton means ) Tj
(Powered by Nextones.) Tj
( ) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm
0 G
.5 w 0 -420.45 m 300 -420.45 l s
Q
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
434 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7345) Tj
-216.9819 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
3766
endobj
54 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 50 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
/F5 17 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 55 0 R
>>
endobj
%%Page: 16 16
58 0 obj
<<
/Length 59 0 R
>>
stream
q
BT
0 Tr
0 g
1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
94.83 -8.4 Td
1.2 Tw
0 Tc
(III.) Tj
9 Tw
( ) Tj
1.2 Tw
(CONCLUSION) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
-82.83 -26.2 Td
2 Tw
(Summary judgment was inappropriate, because there is a) Tj
-12 -13.2 Td
1.17 Tw
(genuine issue of material fact concerning whether the equip-) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.77 Tw
(ment utilized by Simon & Schuster has the requisite capacity) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.37 Tw
(under the TCPA. The FCC has reasonably interpreted ) Tj
(call) Tj
() Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.57 Tw
(under the TCPA to encompass both voice calls and text calls.) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
2.08 Tw
(This interpretation is reasonable and is therefore entitled to) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.87 Tw
(deference. ) Tj
/F4 12 Tf 100 Tz
(See Chevron) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(, 467 U.S. at 843-44. Satterfield did) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
.66 Tw
(not consent to receive the text message. We therefore reverse) Tj
0 -13.2 Td
1.2 Tw
(and remand. ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
12 -26.2 Td
(REVERSED ) Tj
/F2 12 Tf 100 Tz
(and ) Tj
/F1 12 Tf 100 Tz
(REMANDED.) Tj
1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
156 -136.5 Td
1.1 Tw
0 Tc
(7346) Tj
61.0181 0 Td
(S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(ATTERFIELD) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( v. S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(IMON) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
( & S) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(CHUSTER) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(, I) Tj
/F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz
.79 Tw
(NC) Tj
/F2 11 Tf 100 Tz
0 Ts
1.1 Tw
(.) Tj
ET
Q
q
1 0 0 1 0 792 cm
0 G
.5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s
Q
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
1572
endobj
57 0 obj
<<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
/Parent 50 0 R
/Resources <<
/Font <<
/F1 6 0 R
/F2 7 0 R
/F4 9 0 R
>>
/ProcSet 1 0 R
>>
/Contents 58 0 R
>>
endobj
1 0 obj
[ /PDF /Text ]
endobj
60 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/Differences [ 219 /Zcaron 135 /ccedilla 152 /ydieresis 243 /atilde 140 /icircumflex
31 /threesuperior 136 /ecircumflex 146 /thorn 138 /egrave 30 /twosuperior 130 /eacute
254 /otilde 155 /Aacute 147 /ocircumflex 217 /yacute 129 /udieresis 247 /threequarters
131 /acircumflex 190 /Eth 137 /edieresis 151 /ugrave 223 /trademark 149 /ograve 215 /scaron
228 /Idieresis 218 /uacute 133 /agrave 210 /ntilde 134 /aring 220 /zcaron 226 /Icircumflex
209 /Ntilde 150 /ucircumflex 159 /Ecircumflex 224 /Iacute 128 /Ccedilla 153 /Odieresis
214 /Scaron 176 /Edieresis 229 /Igrave 132 /adieresis 236 /Ograve 181 /Egrave 242 /Ydieresis
221 /registered 237 /Otilde 244 /onequarter 240 /Ugrave 239 /Ucircumflex 145 /Thorn
25 /divide 158 /Atilde 238 /Uacute 231 /Ocircumflex 29 /logicalnot 143 /Aring 139 /idieresis
252 /iacute 160 /aacute 27 /plusminus 26 /multiply 154 /Udieresis 28 /minus 204 /onesuperior
144 /Eacute 156 /Acircumflex 222 /copyright 157 /Agrave 148 /odieresis 253 /oacute 127 /degree
141 /igrave 201 /mu 230 /Oacute 192 /eth 142 /Adieresis 216 /Yacute 255 /brokenbar 246 /onehalf
]
>>
endobj
61 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/FontName /Times-Bold
/Flags 34
/FontBBox [ -168 -218 1000 935 ]
/MissingWidth 250
/StemV 139.00
/StemH 69.50
/ItalicAngle 0.00
/CapHeight 676
/XHeight 461
/Ascent 676
/Descent -205
/Leading 0
/MaxWidth 0
/AvgWidth 0
>>
endobj
6 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/Name /F1
/BaseFont /Times-Bold
/FirstChar 0
/LastChar 255
/Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 570 570 570 570 570 300 300
250 333 555 500 500 1000 833 333 333 333 500 570 250 333 250 278
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 570 570 500
930 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 778 667 944 722 778
611 778 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 667 333 278 333 581 500
333 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500
556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 394 220 394 520 400
722 556 444 500 500 500 500 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 722 722
667 611 556 500 500 500 556 556 500 778 722 722 722 722 722 667
500 333 500 500 167 500 500 500 500 278 500 500 333 333 556 556
667 500 500 500 250 667 540 350 333 500 500 500 1000 1000 722 500
500 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 556 333 333 300 333 333 333
1000 722 556 250 250 250 556 389 722 500 556 667 444 747 747 1000
389 1000 389 300 389 389 778 778 667 778 1000 330 778 778 722 722
722 722 722 500 750 278 750 750 278 500 722 556 278 500 500 220 ]
/Encoding 60 0 R
/FontDescriptor 61 0 R
>>
endobj
62 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/Differences [ 219 /Zcaron 135 /ccedilla 152 /ydieresis 243 /atilde 140 /icircumflex
31 /threesuperior 136 /ecircumflex 146 /thorn 138 /egrave 30 /twosuperior 130 /eacute
254 /otilde 155 /Aacute 147 /ocircumflex 217 /yacute 129 /udieresis 247 /threequarters
131 /acircumflex 190 /Eth 137 /edieresis 151 /ugrave 223 /trademark 149 /ograve 215 /scaron
228 /Idieresis 218 /uacute 133 /agrave 210 /ntilde 134 /aring 220 /zcaron 226 /Icircumflex
209 /Ntilde 150 /ucircumflex 159 /Ecircumflex 224 /Iacute 128 /Ccedilla 153 /Odieresis
214 /Scaron 176 /Edieresis 229 /Igrave 132 /adieresis 236 /Ograve 181 /Egrave 242 /Ydieresis
221 /registered 237 /Otilde 244 /onequarter 240 /Ugrave 239 /Ucircumflex 145 /Thorn
25 /divide 158 /Atilde 238 /Uacute 231 /Ocircumflex 29 /logicalnot 143 /Aring 139 /idieresis
252 /iacute 160 /aacute 27 /plusminus 26 /multiply 154 /Udieresis 28 /minus 204 /onesuperior
144 /Eacute 156 /Acircumflex 222 /copyright 157 /Agrave 148 /odieresis 253 /oacute 127 /degree
141 /igrave 201 /mu 230 /Oacute 192 /eth 142 /Adieresis 216 /Yacute 255 /brokenbar 246 /onehalf
]
>>
endobj
63 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/FontName /Times-Roman
/Flags 34
/FontBBox [ -168 -218 1000 898 ]
/MissingWidth 250
/StemV 84.00
/StemH 42.00
/ItalicAngle 0.00
/CapHeight 662
/XHeight 450
/Ascent 683
/Descent -217
/Leading 0
/MaxWidth 0
/AvgWidth 0
>>
endobj
7 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/Name /F2
/BaseFont /Times-Roman
/FirstChar 0
/LastChar 255
/Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 564 564 564 564 564 300 300
250 333 408 500 500 833 778 333 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 564 564 564 444
921 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722
556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 278 333 469 500
333 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500
500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 480 200 480 541 400
667 500 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 722 722
611 556 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 722 722 722 722 722 722 611
444 333 500 500 167 500 500 500 500 180 444 500 333 333 556 556
611 500 500 500 250 611 453 350 333 444 444 500 1000 1000 722 444
500 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 500 333 333 300 333 333 333
1000 722 500 250 250 250 556 389 722 500 500 611 444 760 760 980
333 889 333 276 333 333 722 722 611 722 889 310 722 722 722 722
722 667 722 444 750 278 750 750 278 500 722 500 278 500 500 200 ]
/Encoding 62 0 R
/FontDescriptor 63 0 R
>>
endobj
64 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/Differences [ 240 /apple ]
>>
endobj
65 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/FontName /Symbol
/Flags 4
/FontBBox [ -180 -293 1090 1010 ]
/MissingWidth 250
/StemV 85.00
/StemH 42.50
/ItalicAngle 0.00
/CapHeight 0
/XHeight 0
/Ascent 0
/Descent 0
/Leading 0
/MaxWidth 0
/AvgWidth 0
>>
endobj
8 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/Name /F3
/BaseFont /Symbol
/FirstChar 0
/LastChar 255
/Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 333 713 500 549 833 778 439 333 333 500 549 250 549 250 278
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 549 549 549 444
549 722 667 722 612 611 763 603 722 333 631 722 686 889 722 722
768 741 556 592 611 690 439 768 645 795 611 333 863 333 658 500
500 631 549 549 494 439 521 411 603 329 603 549 549 576 521 549
549 521 549 603 439 576 713 686 493 686 494 480 200 480 549 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 620 247 549 167 713 500 753 753 753 753 1042 987 603 987 603
400 549 411 549 549 713 494 460 549 549 549 549 1000 603 1000 658
823 686 795 987 768 768 823 768 768 713 713 713 713 713 713 713
768 713 790 250 250 250 549 250 713 603 603 1042 987 603 987 603
494 329 790 790 786 713 384 384 384 384 384 384 494 494 494 494
790 329 274 686 686 686 384 384 384 384 384 384 494 494 494 250 ]
/Encoding 64 0 R
/FontDescriptor 65 0 R
>>
endobj
66 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/Differences [ 219 /Zcaron 135 /ccedilla 152 /ydieresis 243 /atilde 140 /icircumflex
31 /threesuperior 136 /ecircumflex 146 /thorn 138 /egrave 30 /twosuperior 130 /eacute
254 /otilde 155 /Aacute 147 /ocircumflex 217 /yacute 129 /udieresis 247 /threequarters
131 /acircumflex 190 /Eth 137 /edieresis 151 /ugrave 223 /trademark 149 /ograve 215 /scaron
228 /Idieresis 218 /uacute 133 /agrave 210 /ntilde 134 /aring 220 /zcaron 226 /Icircumflex
209 /Ntilde 150 /ucircumflex 159 /Ecircumflex 224 /Iacute 128 /Ccedilla 153 /Odieresis
214 /Scaron 176 /Edieresis 229 /Igrave 132 /adieresis 236 /Ograve 181 /Egrave 242 /Ydieresis
221 /registered 237 /Otilde 244 /onequarter 240 /Ugrave 239 /Ucircumflex 145 /Thorn
25 /divide 158 /Atilde 238 /Uacute 231 /Ocircumflex 29 /logicalnot 143 /Aring 139 /idieresis
252 /iacute 160 /aacute 27 /plusminus 26 /multiply 154 /Udieresis 28 /minus 204 /onesuperior
144 /Eacute 156 /Acircumflex 222 /copyright 157 /Agrave 148 /odieresis 253 /oacute 127 /degree
141 /igrave 201 /mu 230 /Oacute 192 /eth 142 /Adieresis 216 /Yacute 255 /brokenbar 246 /onehalf
]
>>
endobj
67 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/FontName /Times-Italic
/Flags 98
/FontBBox [ -169 -217 1010 883 ]
/MissingWidth 250
/StemV 76.00
/StemH 38.00
/ItalicAngle -15.50
/CapHeight 653
/XHeight 441
/Ascent 683
/Descent -205
/Leading 0
/MaxWidth 0
/AvgWidth 0
>>
endobj
9 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/Name /F4
/BaseFont /Times-Italic
/FirstChar 0
/LastChar 255
/Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 675 675 675 675 675 300 300
250 333 420 500 500 833 778 333 333 333 500 675 250 333 250 278
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 675 675 675 500
920 611 611 667 722 611 611 722 722 333 444 667 556 833 667 722
611 722 611 500 556 722 611 833 611 556 556 389 278 389 422 500
333 500 500 444 500 444 278 500 500 278 278 444 278 722 500 500
500 500 389 389 278 500 444 667 444 444 389 400 275 400 541 400
667 500 444 500 500 500 500 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 611 611
611 611 500 500 500 500 500 500 444 722 722 611 611 611 611 611
500 389 500 500 167 500 500 500 500 214 556 500 333 333 500 500
611 500 500 500 250 611 523 350 333 556 556 500 889 1000 722 500
500 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 500 333 333 300 333 333 333
889 667 500 250 250 250 500 389 556 444 500 556 389 760 760 980
333 889 333 276 333 333 722 722 556 722 944 310 722 722 722 722
722 667 556 500 750 278 750 750 278 500 667 500 278 500 500 275 ]
/Encoding 66 0 R
/FontDescriptor 67 0 R
>>
endobj
68 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/Differences [ 219 /Zcaron 135 /ccedilla 152 /ydieresis 243 /atilde 140 /icircumflex
31 /threesuperior 136 /ecircumflex 146 /thorn 138 /egrave 30 /twosuperior 130 /eacute
254 /otilde 155 /Aacute 147 /ocircumflex 217 /yacute 129 /udieresis 247 /threequarters
131 /acircumflex 190 /Eth 137 /edieresis 151 /ugrave 223 /trademark 149 /ograve 215 /scaron
228 /Idieresis 218 /uacute 133 /agrave 210 /ntilde 134 /aring 220 /zcaron 226 /Icircumflex
209 /Ntilde 150 /ucircumflex 159 /Ecircumflex 224 /Iacute 128 /Ccedilla 153 /Odieresis
214 /Scaron 176 /Edieresis 229 /Igrave 132 /adieresis 236 /Ograve 181 /Egrave 242 /Ydieresis
221 /registered 237 /Otilde 244 /onequarter 240 /Ugrave 239 /Ucircumflex 145 /Thorn
25 /divide 158 /Atilde 238 /Uacute 231 /Ocircumflex 29 /logicalnot 143 /Aring 139 /idieresis
252 /iacute 160 /aacute 27 /plusminus 26 /multiply 154 /Udieresis 28 /minus 204 /onesuperior
144 /Eacute 156 /Acircumflex 222 /copyright 157 /Agrave 148 /odieresis 253 /oacute 127 /degree
141 /igrave 201 /mu 230 /Oacute 192 /eth 142 /Adieresis 216 /Yacute 255 /brokenbar 246 /onehalf
]
>>
endobj
69 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/FontName /Helvetica-Bold
/Flags 32
/FontBBox [ -170 -228 1003 962 ]
/MissingWidth 250
/StemV 140.00
/StemH 70.00
/ItalicAngle 0.00
/CapHeight 718
/XHeight 532
/Ascent 718
/Descent -207
/Leading 0
/MaxWidth 0
/AvgWidth 0
>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/Name /F5
/BaseFont /Helvetica-Bold
/FirstChar 0
/LastChar 255
/Widths [ 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278
278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 584 584 584 584 584 333 333
278 333 474 556 556 889 722 278 333 333 389 584 278 333 278 278
556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 333 333 584 584 584 611
975 722 722 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 556 722 611 833 722 778
667 778 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 333 278 333 584 556
278 556 611 556 611 556 333 611 611 278 278 556 278 889 611 611
611 611 389 556 333 611 556 778 556 556 500 389 280 389 584 400
722 611 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 278 722 722
667 667 611 611 611 611 611 611 556 778 722 722 722 722 722 667
556 333 556 556 167 556 556 556 556 238 500 556 333 333 611 611
667 556 556 556 278 667 556 350 278 500 500 556 1000 1000 722 611
611 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 611 333 333 333 333 333 333
1000 722 611 278 278 278 667 556 667 556 611 611 500 737 737 1000
278 1000 278 370 278 278 778 778 611 778 1000 365 778 778 722 722
722 889 667 556 834 278 834 834 278 611 944 611 278 611 611 280 ]
/Encoding 68 0 R
/FontDescriptor 69 0 R
>>
endobj
70 0 obj
<<
/Type /Encoding
/Differences [ 219 /Zcaron 135 /ccedilla 152 /ydieresis 243 /atilde 140 /icircumflex
31 /threesuperior 136 /ecircumflex 146 /thorn 138 /egrave 30 /twosuperior 130 /eacute
254 /otilde 155 /Aacute 147 /ocircumflex 217 /yacute 129 /udieresis 247 /threequarters
131 /acircumflex 190 /Eth 137 /edieresis 151 /ugrave 223 /trademark 149 /ograve 215 /scaron
228 /Idieresis 218 /uacute 133 /agrave 210 /ntilde 134 /aring 220 /zcaron 226 /Icircumflex
209 /Ntilde 150 /ucircumflex 159 /Ecircumflex 224 /Iacute 128 /Ccedilla 153 /Odieresis
214 /Scaron 176 /Edieresis 229 /Igrave 132 /adieresis 236 /Ograve 181 /Egrave 242 /Ydieresis
221 /registered 237 /Otilde 244 /onequarter 240 /Ugrave 239 /Ucircumflex 145 /Thorn
25 /divide 158 /Atilde 238 /Uacute 231 /Ocircumflex 29 /logicalnot 143 /Aring 139 /idieresis
252 /iacute 160 /aacute 27 /plusminus 26 /multiply 154 /Udieresis 28 /minus 204 /onesuperior
144 /Eacute 156 /Acircumflex 222 /copyright 157 /Agrave 148 /odieresis 253 /oacute 127 /degree
141 /igrave 201 /mu 230 /Oacute 192 /eth 142 /Adieresis 216 /Yacute 255 /brokenbar 246 /onehalf
]
>>
endobj
71 0 obj
<<
/Type /FontDescriptor
/FontName /Times-BoldItalic
/Flags 98
/FontBBox [ -200 -218 996 921 ]
/MissingWidth 250
/StemV 121.00
/StemH 60.50
/ItalicAngle -15.00
/CapHeight 669
/XHeight 462
/Ascent 699
/Descent -205
/Leading 0
/MaxWidth 0
/AvgWidth 0
>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<<
/Type /Font
/Subtype /Type1
/Name /F6
/BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic
/FirstChar 0
/LastChar 255
/Widths [ 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 570 570 570 606 606 300 300
250 389 555 500 500 833 778 333 333 333 500 570 250 333 250 278
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 570 570 570 500
832 667 667 667 722 667 667 722 778 389 500 667 611 889 722 722
611 722 667 556 611 722 667 889 667 611 611 333 278 333 570 500
333 500 500 444 500 444 333 500 556 278 278 500 278 778 556 500
500 500 389 389 278 556 444 667 500 444 389 348 220 348 570 400
667 556 444 500 500 500 500 444 444 444 444 278 278 278 667 667
667 611 500 500 500 500 556 556 444 722 722 667 667 667 667 667
500 389 500 500 167 500 500 500 500 278 500 500 333 333 556 556
667 500 500 500 250 667 500 350 333 500 500 500 1000 1000 722 500
500 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 333 576 333 333 300 333 333 333
1000 722 556 250 250 250 556 389 611 444 556 611 389 747 747 1000
389 944 389 266 389 389 722 722 611 722 944 300 722 722 722 722
722 722 611 500 750 278 750 750 278 500 722 500 278 500 500 220 ]
/Encoding 70 0 R
/FontDescriptor 71 0 R
>>
endobj
10 0 obj
<<
/Kids [3 0 R 11 0 R 14 0 R 18 0 R 22 0 R 25 0 R]
/Count 6
/Type /Pages
/Parent 72 0 R
>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<<
/Kids [28 0 R 32 0 R 35 0 R 38 0 R 41 0 R 44 0 R]
/Count 6
/Type /Pages
/Parent 72 0 R
>>
endobj
50 0 obj
<<
/Kids [47 0 R 51 0 R 54 0 R 57 0 R]
/Count 4
/Type /Pages
/Parent 72 0 R
>>
endobj
72 0 obj
<<
/Kids [10 0 R 31 0 R 50 0 R]
/Count 16
/Type /Pages
/MediaBox [0 0 612 792]
>>
endobj
2 0 obj
<<
/Type /Catalog
/Pages 72 0 R
>>
endobj
73 0 obj
<<
/CreationDate (Wednesday June 17, 2009 12:44:11)
/Creator (VERSACOMP R05.2)
/Producer (ECMP5)
>>
endobj
xref
0 74
0000000000 65535 f
0000059632 00000 n
0000074928 00000 n
0000002790 00000 n
0000000044 00000 n
0000002767 00000 n
0000061097 00000 n
0000063749 00000 n
0000065303 00000 n
0000067950 00000 n
0000074486 00000 n
0000004462 00000 n
0000003004 00000 n
0000004438 00000 n
0000008292 00000 n
0000004656 00000 n
0000008268 00000 n
0000070601 00000 n
0000011660 00000 n
0000008509 00000 n
0000011636 00000 n
0000073263 00000 n
0000015241 00000 n
0000011877 00000 n
0000015217 00000 n
0000017991 00000 n
0000015435 00000 n
0000017967 00000 n
0000022130 00000 n
0000018196 00000 n
0000022106 00000 n
0000074602 00000 n
0000026218 00000 n
0000022347 00000 n
0000026194 00000 n
0000030371 00000 n
0000026423 00000 n
0000030347 00000 n
0000035272 00000 n
0000030602 00000 n
0000035248 00000 n
0000039799 00000 n
0000035491 00000 n
0000039775 00000 n
0000044569 00000 n
0000040006 00000 n
0000044545 00000 n
0000049038 00000 n
0000044788 00000 n
0000049014 00000 n
0000074719 00000 n
0000053494 00000 n
0000049245 00000 n
0000053470 00000 n
0000057576 00000 n
0000053725 00000 n
0000057552 00000 n
0000059452 00000 n
0000057795 00000 n
0000059428 00000 n
0000059665 00000 n
0000060817 00000 n
0000062317 00000 n
0000063469 00000 n
0000064965 00000 n
0000065037 00000 n
0000066515 00000 n
0000067667 00000 n
0000069165 00000 n
0000070317 00000 n
0000071824 00000 n
0000072976 00000 n
0000074822 00000 n
0000074984 00000 n
trailer
<<
/Size 74
/Root 2 0 R
/Info 73 0 R
>>
startxref
75121
%%EOF
2 0 obj
<>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/ProcSet 1 0 R>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/ProcSet 1 0 R>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
51 0 obj
<>/ProcSet 1 0 R>>/Type/Page>>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>
endobj
74 0 obj
<>stream
Wednesday June 17, 2009 12:44:11
ECMP5
VERSACOMP R05.2
2013-04-03T18:12:17-04:00
2013-04-03T18:12:17-04:00
application/pdf
uuid:281a9820-57b8-47f0-9138-743dd5841967
uuid:9eb3ebde-7662-408c-8ce7-426b47bbf8bf
endstream
endobj
75 0 obj
[76 0 R 77 0 R]
endobj
76 0 obj
<>/C[1.0 1.0 0.0]/CreationDate(D:20130403181005-04'00')/F 4/M(D:20130403181005-04'00')/NM(ac2723c4-8053-46d7-9196-3fc8cbcb1a64)/P 51 0 R/Popup 77 0 R/QuadPoints[272.082 435.076 455.92 435.076 272.082 421.684 455.92 421.684 156.0 421.876 456.0 421.876 156.0 408.484 456.0 408.484 156.0 408.676 455.868 408.676 156.0 395.284 455.868 395.284 156.0 395.476 455.898 395.476 156.0 382.084 455.898 382.084 156.0 382.276 455.856 382.276 156.0 368.884 455.856 368.884]/Rect[152.425 368.465 459.575 435.494]/Subj(Highlight)/Subtype/Highlight/T(Jeff)/Type/Annot>>
endobj
77 0 obj
<>
endobj
78 0 obj
<>>>/ProcSet[/PDF]/XObject<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
/R0 gs
/MWFOForm Do
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/Length 9/Matrix[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]/Resources<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
/Form Do
endstream
endobj
80 0 obj
<>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
H\Kn E+z7i't5m$EG'
RѥOX +|nRt
IpȘn^EbJ`#^g2jܥ*.#8@)ff }6ExĘf Wq#Ð>2bS
>ޜ]2.~ FY>C#Zmf^M6͉.#swi+ 拐
endstream
endobj
81 0 obj
[82 0 R 83 0 R]
endobj
82 0 obj
<>/C[1.0 1.0 0.0]/CreationDate(D:20130403180827-04'00')/F 4/M(D:20130403180827-04'00')/NM(4c6f817a-0211-45e8-9c9b-c50111af4558)/P 35 0 R/Popup 83 0 R/QuadPoints[168.0 528.876 455.837 528.876 168.0 515.484 455.837 515.484 156.0 515.776 455.818 515.776 156.0 502.384 455.818 502.384 156.0 502.676 455.936 502.676 156.0 489.284 455.936 489.284 156.0 489.576 455.984 489.576 156.0 476.184 455.984 476.184 156.0 476.476 375.912 476.476 156.0 463.084 375.912 463.084]/Rect[152.425 462.666 459.559 529.294]/Subj(Highlight)/Subtype/Highlight/T(Jeff)/Type/Annot>>
endobj
83 0 obj
<>
endobj
84 0 obj
<>>>/ProcSet[/PDF]/XObject<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
/R0 gs
/MWFOForm Do
endstream
endobj
85 0 obj
<>/Length 9/Matrix[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]/Resources<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
/Form Do
endstream
endobj
86 0 obj
<>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
H\1n1{'@|)i~4~#cdX[.
WP
1֟d02rӚ:S!UXZ=$ݥW*(ZFY 91DWIKQ@vհ;Ȫ5';rkxy
c
=džl=ƜӃ<$1^_=ڡ={T=C_=s?=}]$Nl$ӋGϿ ﳏ
endstream
endobj
87 0 obj
[88 0 R 89 0 R]
endobj
88 0 obj
<>/C[1.0 1.0 0.0]/CreationDate(D:20130403181203-04'00')/F 4/M(D:20130403181203-04'00')/NM(08775258-7cbf-479e-91e1-bbcf8be8680f)/P 28 0 R/Popup 89 0 R/QuadPoints[168.0 531.776 455.952 531.776 168.0 518.384 455.952 518.384 156.0 519.076 455.988 519.076 156.0 505.684 455.988 505.684 156.0 506.376 455.97 506.376 156.0 492.984 455.97 492.984 156.0 493.676 455.875 493.676 156.0 480.284 455.875 480.284 156.0 480.976 455.904 480.976 156.0 467.584 455.904 467.584 156.0 468.276 455.844 468.276 156.0 454.884 455.844 454.884 156.0 455.576 455.908 455.576 156.0 442.184 455.908 442.184 156.0 442.876 455.928 442.876 156.0 429.484 455.928 429.484 156.0 430.176 455.956 430.176 156.0 416.784 455.956 416.784 156.0 417.476 455.94 417.476 156.0 404.084 455.94 404.084 156.0 404.776 455.944 404.776 156.0 391.384 455.944 391.384 156.0 392.076 455.959 392.076 156.0 378.684 455.959 378.684 156.0 379.376 455.958 379.376 156.0 365.984 455.958 365.984 156.0 366.576 455.921 366.576 156.0 353.184 455.921 353.184 156.0 353.776 373.98 353.776 156.0 340.384 373.98 340.384]/Rect[152.425 339.965 459.563 532.194]/Subj(Highlight)/Subtype/Highlight/T(Jeff)/Type/Annot>>
endobj
89 0 obj
<>
endobj
90 0 obj
<>>>/ProcSet[/PDF]/XObject<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
/R0 gs
/MWFOForm Do
endstream
endobj
91 0 obj
<>/Length 9/Matrix[1.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0]/Resources<>>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
/Form Do
endstream
endobj
92 0 obj
<>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream
HdA!E>'PIHBpJ6M6~zznL
_{QEwg)Ѕh%PVҡѐ0UJ{2t/"mEQV}>, 4oxtGD2dgn>2#<5|>}z;$#ç#ԧOgGnʹO79(CIvqi1u̠ά3p`Ӱf ^96:F;mlZzy:s\w(.ΜO@Qf>H*=MdP]96u=lPe!2ÆGOf$8s>}O6i;ln72JfDb}-˥ښRf\YsZ|O`{RA8s>=l<.cm-Vױ6hȑI{#~u
OyuC%OYP]96?Nbg?8'3 ?KJ3ӗ E
endstream
endobj
xref
0 1
0000000000 65535 f
2 1
0000076692 00000 n
28 1
0000076754 00000 n
35 1
0000076925 00000 n
51 1
0000077106 00000 n
73 20
0000077287 00000 n
0000077482 00000 n
0000080916 00000 n
0000080948 00000 n
0000081533 00000 n
0000081643 00000 n
0000081925 00000 n
0000082158 00000 n
0000082621 00000 n
0000082653 00000 n
0000083240 00000 n
0000083350 00000 n
0000083633 00000 n
0000083867 00000 n
0000084327 00000 n
0000084359 00000 n
0000085540 00000 n
0000085650 00000 n
0000085933 00000 n
0000086167 00000 n
trailer
<]/Prev 75121>>
startxref
86974
%%EOF